Saline (medicine)

Saline (also known as saline solution) is a mixture of sodium chloride (salt) and water and has a number of uses in medicine. Applied to the affected area, it is used to clean wounds, help remove contact lenses, and help with dry eyes. By injection into a vein, it is used to treat dehydration such as from gastroenteritis and diabetic ketoacidosis. The medical use of saline began around 1831. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important medications needed in a basic health system. In 2017, sodium was the 225th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than two million prescriptions.

Uses

Saline has various medical uses, including:

• Wound care: Saline solution is used to clean and irrigate wounds, helping to remove debris and bacteria, and promoting the healing process.
• Eye care: Saline is used as an eye wash to rinse foreign bodies, such as dust or debris, from the eye. It can also help to moisten dry eyes and remove contact lenses.
• Dehydration: Intravenous administration of saline solution can help to treat dehydration caused by various factors, including gastroenteritis, excessive vomiting, diarrhea, or diabetic ketoacidosis.
• Nasal irrigation: Saline solution is commonly used for nasal irrigation to help relieve congestion and sinus symptoms.

Preparation

Saline solution is typically prepared by dissolving sodium chloride in water, creating an isotonic solution with a concentration similar to that of bodily fluids. This isotonic concentration helps to minimize the risk of cellular damage when the solution is applied to tissues or administered intravenously.

Side effects

Saline solution is generally considered safe when used as directed. However, some side effects may occur, such as:

• Irritation or discomfort at the site of application
• Allergic reactions in individuals with a sensitivity to sodium chloride
• Overhydration or fluid overload when administered intravenously in excessive amounts

History

The medical use of saline solution dates back to 1831 when Scottish physician Thomas Latta first used intravenous saline to treat patients with cholera. Since then, it has become a standard treatment in various medical settings and is now included in the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

External links

• Drugs.com: Sodium Chloride
• MedlinePlus: Sodium Chloride

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