SAT

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Uni Major and SAT Averages

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SAT averages by group (2022)

Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) is a standardized test widely used for college admissions in the United States. Initially introduced in 1926, the SAT has evolved over the years, undergoing several changes in its format and scoring system. It is developed and published by the College Board, a private, not-for-profit organization in the United States. The main purpose of the SAT is to measure a high school student's readiness for college and provide colleges with one common data point that can be used to compare all applicants.

History

The SAT was first introduced as the Scholastic Aptitude Test by the College Board in 1926. Its creation was aimed at democratizing access to higher education for students by providing a standardized test that could evaluate a student's potential for success in college. Over the decades, the name and scoring system of the SAT have undergone several changes, reflecting shifts in educational standards and college admission policies.

Structure

The current structure of the SAT is divided into two main sections: Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (EBRW) and Math. The EBRW section is further split into Reading Test and Writing and Language Test. The Math section is divided into two portions: one that allows the use of a calculator and one that does not. The SAT also includes an optional Essay section, which some colleges may require.

Evidence-Based Reading and Writing

This section tests students' abilities to understand and analyze texts from a variety of sources, including literature, historical documents, and social sciences. Questions assess students' comprehension, command of evidence, and understanding of words in context.

Math

The Math section covers a range of math practices, with an emphasis on problem-solving, modeling, using tools strategically, and using algebraic structure. Topics include algebra, problem-solving and data analysis, and advanced math.

Essay (Optional)

The optional Essay section measures students' ability to read a high-quality source text and write an analysis of that text using evidence drawn from the source. It tests reading, analysis, and writing skills.

Scoring

Each of the two main sections (EBRW and Math) is scored on a scale of 200 to 800, making the total score range from 400 to 1600. The Essay, if taken, is scored separately.

Preparation

Preparation for the SAT can involve self-study through books and online resources, taking practice tests, and attending preparation courses. The College Board also offers official SAT practice materials in partnership with Khan Academy.

Use in College Admissions

The SAT is one of the factors that colleges and universities consider in their admissions process. A student's SAT score is used alongside high school GPA, letters of recommendation, extracurricular activities, and personal essays to evaluate their readiness for college-level work.

Criticism and Controversies

The SAT has faced criticism and controversies over the years, including debates over its fairness, its predictive validity for college success, and its potential biases against certain demographic groups. In response to these concerns, some colleges have adopted test-optional or test-flexible admissions policies.

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