S100 protein
S100 Protein
The S100 protein (pronounced "S one hundred protein") is a family of low molecular weight proteins known for their wide range of intracellular and extracellular functions. The name S100 is derived from the fact that these proteins are soluble in 100% saturated ammonium sulfate at neutral pH.
Etymology
The name S100 protein is derived from the method of its discovery. The protein was first identified as being soluble in 100% saturated ammonium sulfate solution, hence the name "S100".
Structure
The S100 proteins are characterized by two calcium-binding sites of the helix-loop-helix ("EF-hand type") conformation. There are at least 21 different types of S100 proteins, each having its unique pattern of tissue and cellular expression.
Function
The S100 proteins have been implicated in a variety of intracellular and extracellular functions. They are involved in regulation of protein phosphorylation, transcription factors, the dynamics of cytoskeleton constituents, enzyme activities, cell growth and differentiation, and the inflammatory response.
Related Terms
- Calcium-binding protein: Proteins that bind to calcium ions. S100 proteins are a type of calcium-binding protein.
- EF-hand: The EF-hand is a helix-loop-helix structural domain found in a large family of calcium-binding proteins, including the S100 proteins.
- Phosphorylation: A process that modifies the function of a protein by adding a phosphate group. S100 proteins are involved in the regulation of protein phosphorylation.
- Transcription factors: Proteins involved in the process of converting, or transcribing, DNA into RNA. S100 proteins are known to regulate transcription factors.
- Cytoskeleton: A complex network of interlinking filaments and tubules that extend throughout the cytoplasm. S100 proteins are involved in the dynamics of cytoskeleton constituents.
- Inflammatory response: The response of the immune system to infection or injury. S100 proteins have been implicated in the inflammatory response.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on S100 protein
- Wikipedia's article - S100 protein
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