Cryptorchidism

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Cryptorchidism
Synonyms	Undescended testis, undescended testicle
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Absence of one or both testes from the scrotum
Complications	Infertility, testicular cancer
Onset	Neonatal
Duration	Varies
Types	N/A
Causes	Premature birth, hormonal disorders, genetic factors
Risks	Premature birth, family history
Diagnosis	Physical examination, ultrasound
Differential diagnosis	Retractile testis, inguinal hernia
Prevention	None
Treatment	Orchiopexy, hormonal therapy
Medication	Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Prognosis	Good with treatment
Frequency	~3% of full-term male infants
Deaths	N/A

Cryptorchidism is a condition in which one or both of the testes fail to descend. This condition is the most common genital problem encountered in pediatrics. In this condition, one or both of the testes are absent from the scrotum at birth. It is a common condition, affecting 2 to 5 percent of full-term male newborns, and around 33 percent of premature infants.

Ultrasonography of cryptorchidism

Causes

The exact cause of cryptorchidism is unknown. However, it is believed to be caused by a combination of genetics, maternal health, and environmental factors. Some research suggests that exposure to certain substances during pregnancy can increase the risk of cryptorchidism.

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Different forms of cryptorchidism, depending on the position of the undescended testicle. Sometimes the retractile testicle is added.

Symptoms

The primary sign of cryptorchidism is the absence of one or both testes from the scrotum. This can be noticed at birth or shortly thereafter. In some cases, the testes may descend on their own within the first few months of life. If this does not occur, medical treatment may be necessary.

Diagnosis

Cryptorchidism is typically diagnosed through a physical examination. The doctor may also order an ultrasound to locate the undescended testes. In some cases, a laparoscopy may be performed to visualize the testes.

Treatment

Treatment for cryptorchidism usually involves surgery to move the testes into the scrotum. This is typically done within the first year of life. Hormonal therapy may also be used in some cases.

Complications

If left untreated, cryptorchidism can lead to a number of complications, including infertility, testicular cancer, and psychological distress.

See also

• Testes
• Scrotum
• Ultrasound
• Laparoscopy
• Infertility
• Testicular cancer