Reflux

Reflux refers to the backward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus, which is the tube that connects the mouth and stomach. This condition is also known as GERD when it leads to symptoms that affect the quality of life or causes complications.

Symptoms

The most common symptom of reflux is heartburn, which is a burning sensation in the chest. Other symptoms may include:

• Regurgitation of food or sour liquid
• Difficulty swallowing
• Chest pain
• Dry cough
• Hoarseness or sore throat
• Sensation of a lump in the throat

Causes

Reflux occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a ring of muscle fibers that closes off the stomach from the esophagus, does not close properly. This allows stomach acids to flow back into the esophagus.

Risk Factors

Factors that can increase the risk of reflux include:

• Obesity
• Pregnancy
• Smoking
• Hiatal hernia
• Certain medications

Complications

If left untreated, chronic reflux can lead to serious complications such as:

• Esophagitis
• Esophageal stricture
• Barrett's esophagus
• Esophageal adenocarcinoma

Treatment

Treatment for reflux may involve lifestyle changes, medications, or surgery. Lifestyle changes may include losing weight, quitting smoking, and avoiding foods and drinks that trigger reflux. Medications may include antacids, H2 blockers, and proton pump inhibitors. In severe cases, surgery may be required to strengthen the LES.

See Also

• Heartburn
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease
• Esophagitis
• Barrett's esophagus

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