Recombinant DNA

Recombinant DNA (rDNA) is a form of DNA that has been created artificially. DNA molecules from different sources are combined into one molecule to create a new piece of DNA. The DNA sequences used in the construction of recombinant DNA molecules can originate from any species. For example, plant DNA can be combined with bacterial DNA, or human DNA can be combined with fungal DNA.

History

The concept of recombinant DNA was first proposed by Peter Lobban, a graduate student of Dale Kaiser at the Stanford University Medical School. The first published account of a successful recombinant DNA experiment was in 1973 by Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen.

Methodology

Recombinant DNA is created through the combination of two types of DNA: plasmid DNA, and the DNA to be cloned. The plasmid DNA usually carries a gene for antibiotic resistance which allows for the selection of cells that have been transformed. The DNA to be cloned is inserted into the plasmid DNA, creating recombinant DNA.

Applications

Recombinant DNA has been used in the development of genetic engineering and biotechnology. It has been used to produce human insulin, human growth hormone, and other important drugs. It is also used in the production of genetically modified organisms.

Safety and ethical concerns

The creation and use of recombinant DNA has raised ethical and safety concerns. Some people worry about the potential for creating harmful organisms, while others are concerned about the ethical implications of altering an organism's genetic makeup.

See also

• Genetic engineering
• Biotechnology
• Genetically modified organism

References

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Recombinant DNA

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  Recombinant formation of plasmids

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  Gene cloning