Recombinant DNA
Recombinant DNA
Recombinant DNA (rɪˌkɒmbɪˈneɪtɪd diːeɪ) is a form of DNA that has been created artificially. DNA molecules from different sources are combined into one molecule to create a new piece of DNA.
Etymology
The term "recombinant DNA" is derived from the process of recombination, where molecules of DNA are broken and recombined to produce new sequences. This term was first used in the late 1960s and early 1970s when the technology to combine DNA molecules was first developed.
Process
The process of creating recombinant DNA involves the use of restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific sites. These pieces of DNA can then be joined with other pieces of DNA using an enzyme called DNA ligase. The resulting DNA molecule can be inserted into a vector, such as a plasmid, and introduced into a living cell. This process is known as cloning.
Applications
Recombinant DNA technology has many applications in the fields of medicine, agriculture, and industry. It is used to produce insulin, human growth hormone, and other important medical products. In agriculture, it is used to create genetically modified organisms with desirable traits. In industry, it is used to produce enzymes, chemicals, and other products.
Related Terms
- Genetic engineering
- Molecular cloning
- Gene therapy
- Polymerase chain reaction
- Genetically modified organism
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Recombinant DNA
- Wikipedia's article - Recombinant DNA
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