Pyranose
Pyranose
Pyranose (pronunciation: /paɪˈrænoʊz/) is a term used in chemistry to describe a type of monosaccharide with a six-membered ring structure. The term is derived from the combination of the words "pyran" and "ose". "Pyran" is a six-membered heterocyclic, non-aromatic ring with five carbon atoms and one oxygen atom, and "ose" is a suffix used in chemistry to denote sugars.
Etymology
The term "Pyranose" was first introduced by the French chemist Emil Hermann Fischer in the early 20th century. The name is derived from "pyran", a type of chemical compound, and the suffix "-ose", which is commonly used in the names of sugars. The term is used to describe the cyclic form of a sugar where the ring is made up of five carbon atoms and one oxygen atom, resembling the structure of pyran.
Structure and Formation
A pyranose sugar is formed when the hydroxyl group on the fifth carbon atom (C-5) reacts with the aldehyde or ketone group on the first carbon atom (C-1). This reaction forms a hemiacetal or hemiketal structure, resulting in a six-membered ring that includes one oxygen atom and five carbon atoms. This ring structure is similar to that of pyran, hence the name "pyranose".
Related Terms
- Furanose: A term used to describe a five-membered ring sugar, which includes four carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.
- Hemiacetal: A functional group that consists of a carbon atom bonded to an alcohol group, an alkyl group, and a hydrogen atom.
- Hemiketal: A functional group that consists of a carbon atom bonded to two alcohol groups and an alkyl group.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Pyranose
- Wikipedia's article - Pyranose
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