Protamine
Protamine
Protamine (/proʊˈtæmiːn/) is a group of small, arginine-rich, nuclear proteins that replace histones late in the haploid phase of spermatogenesis and are believed essential for sperm head condensation and DNA stabilization. They are found in the sperm of many species including humans.
Etymology
The term "protamine" is derived from the Greek words "protos" meaning first and "amine" due to its protein nature.
Function
Protamines are positively charged molecules that bind to the negatively charged DNA molecules. This binding allows the very long DNA molecules to be condensed into a very small volume. In humans, the protamines are of two types: Protamine P1 and Protamine P2.
Clinical Significance
Protamines are used in reverse the effects of heparin, an anticoagulant. Protamine sulfate is a medication that is used for this purpose. It is also used in insulin formulations to slow down its action, such as in NPH insulin.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Protamine
- Wikipedia's article - Protamine
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