Prosphora

Introduction

Prosphora, also known as the "offering bread", is a significant element in the Christian Eucharist service, particularly in the Eastern Orthodox Church and other Eastern Christian traditions. It is the bread used in the Divine Liturgy that becomes the Body of Christ after the Epiclesis.

History

The tradition of using Prosphora dates back to the early Christian communities. The term "Prosphora" is derived from the Greek word "πρόσφορον" (prosphoron), which means "offering". The bread is made of only four ingredients: wheat flour, yeast, salt, and water, symbolizing the simplicity and purity of the offering.

Preparation

The preparation of Prosphora is considered a sacred task and is often undertaken by a member of the church, usually a priest or a deacon, or a layperson with the blessing of the priest. The process involves careful kneading and shaping of the dough, followed by stamping it with a special seal, usually bearing the image of a cross or the initials of Jesus Christ in Greek.

Liturgical Use

In the Divine Liturgy, the Prosphora is used in the Eucharist. The priest takes a portion of the Prosphora, known as the Lamb, and consecrates it to become the Body of Christ. The remaining bread is cut into smaller pieces and distributed to the congregation after the service, a practice known as Antidoron.

Symbolism

The Prosphora is rich in symbolism. The use of leavened bread signifies the Resurrected Christ, while the stamp on the bread represents Christ's wounds. The process of baking the bread is also seen as a symbol of the sufferings of Christ.

Conclusion

The Prosphora, as a central element of the Divine Liturgy, serves as a tangible connection between the faithful and the divine. Its preparation and use are steeped in tradition and symbolism, reflecting the deep spiritual significance of the Eucharist in the Eastern Orthodox Church and other Eastern Christian traditions.

See Also

• Eucharist
• Eastern Orthodox Church
• Divine Liturgy
• Epiclesis
• Antidoron
• Lamb

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  Prosphora

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  Prosphora Stamp from the Museum of Catholic Art and History

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  Saint Spyridon and Saint Nicodemus of Kyiv Caves

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  Byzantine Patene