Proline

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Proline

Proline (pronounced PRO-leen, from the Greek pro, meaning "before", and leucine, a type of amino acid) is a proteinogenic amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It is encoded by all the codons CCU, CCC, CCA, and CCG.

Structure

Proline is unique among the 20 proteinogenic amino acids because its amino group is secondary. The distinctive cyclic structure of proline's side chain locks its phi angle at approximately -75 degrees, giving the protein a defined structure.

Functions

Proline plays important roles in molecular biology. It is a major component of collagen, the connective tissue structure that binds and supports all other tissues. Proline is also involved in the regulation of apoptosis, the process of programmed cell death.

Synthesis

In humans, proline is synthesized from glutamate. This process, which involves the reduction of glutamate-5-semialdehyde to proline, is dependent on vitamin B6.

Dietary Sources

Proline is found in many high-protein foods such as meat, dairy, and legumes. It can also be synthesized by the body, making it a non-essential amino acid.

Related Terms

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