Prickly pear

Prickly Pear is a common name for the plant genus Opuntia, which belongs to the family Cactaceae or cactus family. This genus is native to the Americas, but has since been introduced to other parts of the world. The name "prickly pear" is derived from the plant's fruit, which is often covered in small, sharp spines or "prickles".

Description

Prickly pears are characterized by their flat, paddle-shaped stems, which are actually modified branches. The stems are covered in clusters of fine, barbed spines known as glochids. These glochids can easily detach and become embedded in the skin, causing irritation.

The flowers of the prickly pear are typically large and showy, ranging in color from yellow to red. They are followed by the fruit, or "pear", which is usually red or purple in color. The fruit is edible and has a sweet taste, but must be carefully peeled to remove the glochids.

Cultivation and uses

Prickly pears are cultivated for a variety of uses. The fruit is used in cooking and can be made into jams, jellies, and beverages. The stems, or "pads", are also edible and are commonly used in Mexican cuisine, where they are known as nopal.

In addition to their culinary uses, prickly pears are also grown as ornamental plants due to their unique shape and attractive flowers. Some species are used in traditional medicine, while others are used for their ability to resist drought and improve soil quality in arid regions.

Species

There are over 200 species in the Opuntia genus, including Opuntia ficus-indica, the Indian fig opuntia, which is the most widely cultivated species for its fruit. Other notable species include Opuntia robusta, the wheel cactus, and Opuntia microdasys, the bunny ears cactus.

See also

• Cactaceae
• Opuntia ficus-indica
• Opuntia robusta
• Opuntia microdasys

References

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