Post-concussion syndrome

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Post-concussion syndrome
File:Concussion Anatomy.png
Synonyms	Postconcussive syndrome
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Headache, dizziness, fatigue, irritability, anxiety, insomnia, loss of concentration and memory, noise sensitivity
Complications	N/A
Onset	Usually within 7-10 days after a concussion
Duration	Weeks to months
Types	N/A
Causes	Traumatic brain injury
Risks	History of concussions, psychological factors
Diagnosis	Based on clinical history and symptoms
Differential diagnosis	Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, migraine, depression, anxiety disorders
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Rest, symptomatic treatment, cognitive therapy
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Most recover within 3 months, some may have symptoms for a year or more
Frequency	10-20% of people with concussion
Deaths	N/A

Post-concussion syndrome (PCS) is a complex disorder in which various symptoms — such as headaches and dizziness — continue for weeks, months or a year or more after a concussion — a mild form of traumatic brain injury.

Symptoms

The symptoms of post-concussion syndrome can include headache, dizziness, and problems with concentration and memory. Some people report ongoing problems with fatigue, irritability, and impaired balance. Most people with post-concussion syndrome recover with rest and by minimizing stress.

Causes

Post-concussion syndrome is often caused by a blow to the head or a sudden, violent shaking of the head. It can also occur after a whiplash type injury. The exact cause of post-concussion syndrome is unknown, but it is thought to be related to structural damage to the brain or disruption of the messaging system within the nerves caused by the impact.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of post-concussion syndrome is based on a history of head injury and reported symptoms. There are no specific tests to confirm the diagnosis, but neurological exams, brain imaging studies, and neuropsychological testing may be used to rule out other conditions.

Treatment

Treatment for post-concussion syndrome is aimed at easing specific symptoms. For example, if headaches are a major problem, treatment might include medication for pain relief. Other treatments might include physical therapy for balance problems, and cognitive therapy to improve brain function.

Prognosis

The prognosis for post-concussion syndrome varies. Some people recover within a few months, while others may have symptoms for a year or more. In general, the prognosis is good and most people recover fully with time.

See also

• Concussion
• Traumatic brain injury
• Chronic traumatic encephalopathy

References

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