Positive reinforcement

Positive Reinforcement

Positive reinforcement (/ˈpɒzɪtɪv ˌriːɪnˈfɔːsmənt/) is a concept in psychology that refers to the addition of a reinforcing stimulus following a behavior that makes it more likely that the behavior will occur again in the future. The term originates from the field of behavioral psychology, where it was first defined by B.F. Skinner in his theory of operant conditioning.

Etymology

The term "positive reinforcement" is derived from the Latin words "positivus" meaning "settled by agreement, positive" and "reinforcement" from the Old French "renforcier" meaning "to strengthen". In the context of psychology, it was first used by B.F. Skinner in the mid-20th century.

Definition

Positive reinforcement involves the addition of a rewarding stimulus after a desired behavior is exhibited, making the behavior more likely to happen in the future. This could involve giving praise, a treat, or a reward to encourage the behavior. The key element of positive reinforcement is that it encourages a repeat of the behavior it follows.

Related Terms

• Negative reinforcement: This is the removal of an unpleasant stimulus following a behavior to increase the likelihood of that behavior being repeated.
• Punishment: This is the application of an unpleasant stimulus following a behavior to decrease the likelihood of that behavior being repeated.
• Extinction: This is the disappearance of a previously reinforced behavior when reinforcement is no longer provided.
• Operant conditioning: This is a type of learning where behavior is controlled by consequences. Positive reinforcement is a component of operant conditioning.

Applications

Positive reinforcement is widely used in various fields such as education, therapy, and animal training. In education, for example, teachers may use positive reinforcement to encourage good behavior or high academic performance among students. In therapy, positive reinforcement can be used to help individuals change unwanted behaviors.

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