Porcellionidae

Porcellionidae

Porcellio scaber, a common species of Porcellionidae

The Porcellionidae are a family of woodlice in the order Isopoda. This family is one of the most diverse and widespread groups of terrestrial isopods, commonly found in a variety of habitats including forests, grasslands, and urban areas. Members of this family are often referred to as "common rough woodlice" due to their textured exoskeletons.

Description

Porcellionidae are characterized by their flattened, segmented bodies which are adapted for life on land. They possess seven pairs of legs and two pairs of antennae, with the second pair being much longer. The body is divided into three main parts: the head, thorax, and abdomen. The exoskeleton is typically gray or brown, providing camouflage against the soil and leaf litter.

Habitat and Distribution

Porcellionidae are found worldwide, with a high diversity in Europe and North America. They inhabit moist environments where they can avoid desiccation, such as under rocks, logs, and leaf litter. Some species have adapted to urban environments, thriving in gardens and basements.

Behavior

These woodlice are primarily detritivores, feeding on decaying organic matter. This makes them important decomposers in the ecosystem, contributing to nutrient cycling. Porcellionidae are nocturnal, avoiding predators by being active at night.

Reproduction

Reproduction in Porcellionidae involves direct development, where females carry eggs in a brood pouch until they hatch into juveniles. This reproductive strategy allows them to thrive in terrestrial environments by protecting the young from desiccation and predation.

Species

The family Porcellionidae includes several genera, with Porcellio being one of the most well-known. Porcellio scaber is a common species often used in scientific studies due to its abundance and ease of care in laboratory settings.

Related Pages

• Isopoda
• Woodlouse
• Crustacean