Polysome
Polysome
Polysome (pronunciation: /ˈpɒlɪˌsoʊm/), also known as polyribosome, is a complex of mRNA (messenger RNA) with several ribosomes that travel along the mRNA as they synthesize proteins.
Etymology
The term "polysome" is derived from the Greek words "poly" meaning "many" and "soma" meaning "body". It refers to the multiple ribosomes that are attached to an mRNA molecule during protein synthesis.
Function
Polysomes play a crucial role in the process of protein synthesis. They allow for multiple copies of a protein to be synthesized simultaneously from the same mRNA molecule, thus increasing the efficiency of protein synthesis.
Related Terms
- mRNA: Messenger RNA, a type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it specifies the amino acid sequence of the protein product of gene expression.
- Ribosome: A complex molecular machine, found within all living cells, that serves as the site of biological protein synthesis.
- Protein Synthesis: The process in which cells build proteins according to the genetic information carried by mRNA.
- Translation (biology): The process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or ER synthesize proteins after the process of transcription of DNA to RNA in the cell's nucleus.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Polysome
- Wikipedia's article - Polysome
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