Pinus quadrifolia

Overview

Pinus quadrifolia, commonly known as the Parry pinyon, is a species of pine native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It is a member of the pinyon pine group, which is known for its edible seeds, commonly referred to as pine nuts.

Description

Pinus quadrifolia foliage and cones

Pinus quadrifolia is a small to medium-sized tree, typically reaching heights of 5 to 15 meters. The tree is characterized by its dense, rounded crown and short, stout trunk. The bark is thick and scaly, providing protection against fire and pests.

The leaves, or needles, are arranged in fascicles of four, which is a distinctive feature of this species. The needles are slender, measuring 2 to 4 cm in length, and have a bluish-green color.

Cones and Seeds

The cones of Pinus quadrifolia are small, measuring 4 to 6 cm in length. They are globular and have thick, woody scales. The seeds are large, wingless, and edible, making them an important food source for wildlife and humans alike. The seeds are typically harvested in the fall.

Habitat and Distribution

Pinus quadrifolia is found in arid and semi-arid regions, often growing on rocky slopes and in dry, open woodlands. It is native to the mountains of southern California and northern Baja California. The species thrives in elevations ranging from 1,200 to 2,500 meters.

Ecology

Close-up of Pinus quadrifolia needles

The Parry pinyon plays a crucial role in its ecosystem. It provides habitat and food for various species of birds and mammals. The seeds are particularly important for Clark's nutcracker and pinyon jay, which help in seed dispersal.

Uses

The seeds of Pinus quadrifolia are harvested for consumption and are considered a delicacy. The wood, although not commercially significant, is used locally for fuel and small construction projects.

Conservation

While Pinus quadrifolia is not currently listed as threatened, its habitat is susceptible to threats such as climate change, wildfires, and land development. Conservation efforts focus on protecting its natural habitat and ensuring sustainable harvesting practices.

Related pages

• Pinyon pine
• Pine nut
• Clark's nutcracker
• Pinyon jay