Phytophthora cinnamomi

Phytophthora cinnamomi is a soil-borne water mold that produces an infection which causes a serious plant disease known as root rot or dieback. This pathogen is one of the world's most invasive species and is present in many countries.

Taxonomy

Phytophthora cinnamomi belongs to the Oomycetes class, which is a group of fungus-like organisms. It is part of the Phytophthora genus, which consists of plant pathogens. The species name cinnamomi refers to its first known host, the cinnamon tree.

Distribution and Habitat

Phytophthora cinnamomi is widespread and can be found in many parts of the world, including North and South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia. It thrives in warm, wet conditions and poorly drained soils.

Hosts and Symptoms

This pathogen affects a wide range of plant species, including trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants. Symptoms of infection include wilting, yellowing and browning of leaves, dieback of branches, and death of the plant.

Disease Cycle

The disease cycle of Phytophthora cinnamomi begins when the pathogen produces spores that are released into the soil. These spores infect the roots of plants, causing rot and preventing the plant from absorbing water and nutrients.

Management

Management of Phytophthora cinnamomi involves a combination of cultural practices, chemical treatments, and biological control. Cultural practices include improving soil drainage and avoiding overwatering. Chemical treatments involve the use of fungicides, while biological control involves the use of beneficial organisms that can suppress the pathogen.

Impact

Phytophthora cinnamomi has a significant impact on agriculture and ecosystems. It is a major cause of decline in many plant species and can lead to significant losses in crop yield.

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  Phytophthora cinnamomi under microscope

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  Dieback in valley, Gnangarra

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  Littleleaf disease

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  Dieback warning sign, Gnangarra

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  Boot cleaning station in Lesueur National Park, September 2023