Physalaemin

Physalaemin is a peptide that is found in the skin secretions of the South American orange-legged leaf frog, Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis. It is a member of the tachykinin family of peptides, which are known for their ability to induce smooth muscle contraction.

Structure and Function

Physalaemin is a decapeptide, meaning it is composed of ten amino acids. The sequence of these amino acids is Phe-Ser-Leu-Lys-Gly-Leu-Met-Phe-NH2. This sequence is highly conserved among the tachykinin family of peptides, suggesting it plays a crucial role in their function.

The primary function of physalaemin is to induce smooth muscle contraction. It does this by binding to tachykinin receptors on the surface of smooth muscle cells. Once bound, it triggers a cascade of events inside the cell that ultimately leads to contraction.

Pharmacology

Physalaemin has been shown to have potent vasodilatory effects, meaning it can widen blood vessels and increase blood flow. This is due to its ability to stimulate the release of nitric oxide, a powerful vasodilator, from endothelial cells.

In addition to its vasodilatory effects, physalaemin has also been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties. It does this by inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are molecules that promote inflammation.

Clinical Significance

Due to its potent vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory effects, physalaemin has potential therapeutic applications in conditions such as hypertension and inflammatory diseases. However, more research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms of action and potential side effects.

See Also

• Tachykinin
• Peptide
• Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis

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