Phosphonate

File:Phosphonate.svg

Phosphonate

File:Phosphonic-acid-2D-dimensions-vector.svg

Phosphonic acid

File:Glyphosate.svg

Glyphosate

File:Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction example.svg

Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction example

Phosphonates are a class of chemical compounds that contain the phosphonate (PO3−) functional group. They are used in many industrial applications, including water treatment, detergent manufacturing, and pharmaceutical production.

Chemical Structure

Phosphonates are characterized by a phosphorus atom bonded to three oxygen atoms and one carbon atom. This structure is similar to that of phosphates, but with a carbon atom replacing one of the oxygen atoms. This difference in structure gives phosphonates unique chemical properties, such as high stability and resistance to hydrolysis.

Uses

Phosphonates are used in a wide range of industrial applications. In water treatment, they are used to prevent the formation of scale and to control corrosion. In detergent manufacturing, they are used as builders to enhance the cleaning power of the detergent. In pharmaceutical production, they are used as intermediates in the synthesis of certain drugs.

Health and Environmental Effects

Phosphonates are generally considered to be safe for human exposure at low levels. However, they can be harmful if ingested or inhaled in large amounts. They can also cause skin and eye irritation. In the environment, phosphonates can contribute to the eutrophication of water bodies, leading to harmful algal blooms.

Gallery

• Biphosphonate Structural Formulae
  Biphosphonate Structural Formulae
• O-Ethyl methylphosphonothioic acid
  O-Ethyl methylphosphonothioic acid
• VX S-enantiomer
  VX S-enantiomer
• 2-aminoethylphosphonate
  2-aminoethylphosphonate

See Also

• Phosphoric acid
• Phosphonate ester
• Phosphonate (antiviral)