Phlebotomy

Phlebotomy-practice-university-of-delaware

Phlebotomy is a medical procedure involving the puncturing of a vein to extract blood. This is commonly done for laboratory testing or to treat certain blood disorders by removing excess red blood cells. The procedure is also known as venipuncture or a blood draw.

Purpose and Procedure

Phlebotomy serves two primary purposes: diagnostic and therapeutic.

• Diagnostic Phlebotomy: This is the most common reason for phlebotomy. Healthcare providers use the blood samples taken during diagnostic phlebotomy to assess the patient's health, diagnose illness, or evaluate the effectiveness of a treatment plan.
• Therapeutic Phlebotomy: This type of phlebotomy is performed to treat certain blood disorders, such as polycythemia vera or hemochromatosis, where the removal of blood from the body helps manage symptoms or prevent complications.

Phlebotomy is usually performed by a trained professional known as a phlebotomist. They use a needle to puncture a vein, typically in the patient's arm, and collect the blood into a vacuum-sealed vial. The collected sample is then sent to a laboratory for analysis.

Potential Risks and Complications

Phlebotomy is generally safe, but complications can occur, such as bruising, infection, or hematoma at the puncture site. Occasionally, a patient may experience light-headedness or fainting.

Patient Preparation and Aftercare

Prior to the procedure, patients may be instructed to fast or avoid certain medications. Post-procedure, patients are usually advised to apply pressure to the puncture site to reduce bruising, and to increase fluid intake to replenish volume loss.

Training and Certification

Becoming a phlebotomist generally requires specialized training, which includes both classroom instruction and hands-on practice. Certification, while not always required, is often preferred by employers.

See Also

• Venous blood sampling
• Medical laboratory
• Hemochromatosis
• Polycythemia vera

References

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