Peroxisome

Peroxisome

A Peroxisome is a type of organelle known for its involvement in the process of metabolic activities within cells. These organelles are found in virtually all eukaryotic cells, and they are involved in a variety of cellular metabolic processes, including the breakdown of fatty acids, the biosynthesis of certain lipids, and the detoxification of harmful substances.

Structure

Peroxisomes are bound by a single layer of lipid membrane, and they contain a variety of enzymes that are used in metabolic reactions. The enzymes within peroxisomes are imported from the cytosol, and they are targeted to peroxisomes by specific peroxisomal targeting signals.

Function

The primary function of peroxisomes is to break down long-chain fatty acids through a process known as beta oxidation. This process results in the production of acetyl-CoA, which can then be used in the citric acid cycle to produce energy for the cell.

In addition to their role in lipid metabolism, peroxisomes are also involved in the detoxification of harmful substances. They contain the enzyme catalase, which breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. This is a crucial function, as hydrogen peroxide is a harmful byproduct of many metabolic reactions.

Clinical significance

Defects in peroxisome function can lead to a variety of diseases, known collectively as peroxisomal disorders. These include conditions such as Zellweger syndrome, Adrenoleukodystrophy, and Refsum's disease. These diseases are typically characterized by abnormalities in lipid metabolism and the accumulation of harmful substances within cells.

See also

• Lysosome
• Mitochondrion
• Endoplasmic reticulum
• Golgi apparatus

References

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Peroxisome

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  Diagram of a peroxisome

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  Distribution of peroxisomes in HEK293 cells during mitosis

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  Peroxisome in rat neonatal cardiomyocyte