Pattern recognition receptor

Pattern recognition receptor (PRR)

Pattern recognition receptors (PRR) /ˈpætərn rɪˈkɒgnɪʃən ˈrɛsɛptər/ are a primitive part of the immune system. They are proteins that recognize molecules that are associated with pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites) and damaged cells. Their role is to detect and bind to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs).

Etymology

The term "pattern recognition receptor" is derived from the fact that these receptors recognize patterns in molecules. The term was first used in the late 20th century.

Types of PRRs

There are several types of pattern recognition receptors, including:

Each of these types of receptors recognizes different types of molecular patterns.

Function

Pattern recognition receptors play a crucial role in the innate immune response. When a PRR recognizes a PAMP or DAMP, it triggers an immune response. This can include the production of cytokines and chemokines, which help to recruit immune cells to the site of infection or damage.