Passive

Passive immunity is a form of immunity that occurs when the immune system of one organism is bolstered by the introduction of antibodies from another organism. This can occur naturally, such as through breastfeeding, or it can be induced artificially, such as through vaccination or the administration of immunoglobulin therapy.

Natural passive immunity

Natural passive immunity occurs when antibodies are passed from mother to child. This can occur during pregnancy, when antibodies are transferred through the placenta, or during breastfeeding, when antibodies are transferred through breast milk. This form of immunity is temporary, typically lasting only a few months, but it provides immediate protection against many diseases.

Artificial passive immunity

Artificial passive immunity is a short-term immunization achieved by the transfer of antibodies, which can be administered in several forms; as human or animal blood plasma or serum, as pooled human immunoglobulin for intravenous (IVIG) or intramuscular (IG) use, and in the form of monoclonal antibodies (MAb). Passive immunization is used when there is a high risk of infection and insufficient time for the body to develop its own immune response, or to reduce the symptoms of ongoing or immunosuppressive diseases.

Advantages and disadvantages

Passive immunity provides immediate protection, but the body does not develop memory, therefore the patient is at risk of being infected by the same pathogen later unless they acquire active immunity or vaccination.

See also

• Active immunity
• Immunology
• Vaccination
• Immunoglobulin therapy

References

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