Optokinetic reflex
Optokinetic reflex (pronounced: op-toh-ki-net-ik ree-flex) is a neurological response that allows the eye to follow moving objects in the visual field. It is a combination of the saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements.
Etymology
The term "optokinetic" comes from the Greek words "opto" meaning sight and "kinetic" meaning movement. "Reflex" is derived from the Latin word "reflexus" meaning to bend back.
Function
The primary function of the optokinetic reflex is to stabilize the visual image on the retina. When an object moves across the visual field, the eyes follow the object to keep it in focus. Once the object reaches the edge of the visual field, the eyes make a quick, jerking movement (a saccade) back to the center. This cycle repeats as long as the object is moving.
Clinical significance
The optokinetic reflex is often tested during a neurological examination to assess the function of the brainstem and cranial nerves. Abnormalities in the optokinetic reflex can indicate damage to these areas.
Related terms
- Nystagmus: Involuntary eye movement that can occur when the optokinetic reflex is overstimulated.
- Vestibulo-ocular reflex: Another reflex that helps stabilize vision during head movements.
- Saccade: Quick, simultaneous movement of both eyes between two or more phases of fixation in the same direction.
- Smooth pursuit: Slow eye movement to follow a moving object.
See also
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