Ohm's law

Ohm's Law is a fundamental concept in electrical engineering and physics. Named after German physicist Georg Simon Ohm, it describes the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in an electrical circuit.

Definition

Ohm's Law states that the current passing through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points, and inversely proportional to the resistance between them. This is usually formulated as:

I = V / R

where:

• I is the current in amperes (A),
• V is the voltage in volts (V), and
• R is the resistance in ohms (Ω).

Applications

Ohm's Law is used in many areas of electrical engineering and physics. It is fundamental to the design and analysis of many types of electrical circuits, including resistor networks, capacitor and inductor circuits, and semiconductor devices such as diodes and transistors.

Limitations

While Ohm's Law is widely used, it is not universally applicable. It does not accurately describe the behavior of semiconductor devices such as diodes and transistors, which do not obey Ohm's Law. It also does not apply to superconductors, which have zero resistance, or to materials with negative resistance.

See also

• Kirchhoff's circuit laws
• Electrical impedance
• Electrical resistivity and conductivity

References

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