Botfly

Family of flies whose larvae are internal parasites of mammals

Cephenemya stimulator, a species of botfly

The botfly is a member of the family Oestridae, which includes several genera of flies whose larvae are internal parasites of mammals. These flies are known for their unique life cycle, which involves the larvae developing inside the host's body. Botflies are found worldwide, with different species adapted to various hosts, including humans, livestock, and wild animals.

Life Cycle

Botflies undergo a complex life cycle that involves several stages. The adult female botfly lays eggs on a host or on a vector such as a mosquito or tick. When the host comes into contact with the eggs, the warmth of the host's body triggers the eggs to hatch into larvae. The larvae then penetrate the host's skin, where they continue to develop.

Once inside the host, the larvae create a breathing hole in the skin and feed on the host's tissue. This stage can last several weeks to months, depending on the species. After completing their development, the larvae exit the host's body to pupate in the soil, eventually emerging as adult flies.

Genera and Species

There are several genera within the Oestridae family, each with species adapted to specific hosts:

• Dermatobia: Known for the human botfly, Dermatobia hominis, which primarily affects humans and other primates.
• Gasterophilus: Commonly known as horse botflies, these species primarily infest horses.
• Hypoderma: Includes the ox warble fly, which affects cattle.
• Oestrus: Known for the sheep botfly, which infests sheep and goats.
• Cephenemyia: Includes species that parasitize deer.

Ox Warble-fly, a species affecting cattle

Human Interaction

The human botfly, Dermatobia hominis, is notorious for its ability to parasitize humans. It is primarily found in Central and South America. The larvae cause a condition known as myiasis, characterized by painful, boil-like swellings in the skin. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the larvae.

Impact on Animals

Botflies can have significant impacts on their animal hosts. Infestations can lead to discomfort, secondary infections, and in severe cases, death. In livestock, botfly infestations can result in economic losses due to decreased productivity and damage to hides.

Ecuadorian mantled howler juvenile male with botfly

Prevention and Control

Controlling botfly infestations involves a combination of management practices and treatments. In livestock, regular inspection and treatment with insecticides can help reduce infestations. For humans, avoiding areas where botflies are prevalent and using insect repellent can reduce the risk of myiasis.

Related Pages

• Myiasis
• Parasitism
• Insect life cycle