Obstetric fistula

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Obstetric fistula
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, vaginal discharge, vaginal irritation, infertility
Complications	Social isolation, depression, infection
Onset	Typically after childbirth
Duration	Long-term without treatment
Types	N/A
Causes	Prolonged obstructed labour
Risks	Young age, malnutrition, lack of access to healthcare
Diagnosis	Based on symptoms and physical examination
Differential diagnosis	Urinary tract infection, vaginal fistula
Prevention	Access to obstetric care, cesarean section when needed
Treatment	Surgical repair
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Good with treatment
Frequency	Estimated 2 million women affected worldwide
Deaths	N/A

Obstetric fistula locations diagram

Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital

Obstetric fistula is a severe medical condition where a hole develops in the birth canal as a result of childbirth. This can be between the vagina and rectum, ureter, or bladder. It can result in incontinence of urine or feces. Complications may include depression, social isolation, and poverty.

Causes

The primary cause of obstetric fistula is prolonged obstructed labor. Other causes can include sexual violence, surgical error, and physical trauma. In developing countries, the condition is particularly common due to the lack of access to quality medical care.

Symptoms

The main symptom of obstetric fistula is the uncontrollable leaking of urine or feces from the vagina. Other symptoms can include infections, irritation on the areas of the body that are continuously wet, kidney disease, and even death if left untreated.

Prevention

Prevention of obstetric fistula involves improving access to quality obstetric care, particularly in developing countries. This includes access to cesarean sections. Early marriage and early childbirth, which can result in a physically immature birth canal, should be discouraged.

Treatment

Treatment of obstetric fistula involves surgery to close the hole. This can often be done through the vagina, but may also be done abdominally. The success rate of the surgery is as high as 90% for uncomplicated cases. Following surgery, physical therapy may be needed to return to normal function.

See also

• Childbirth
• Incontinence
• Cesarean section