Cloacal exstrophy

Cloacal exstrophy
Synonyms	OEIS complex, vesicointestinal fissure
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Bladder exstrophy, omphalocele, imperforate anus, spinal defects
Complications	Urinary incontinence, renal failure, infertility
Onset	Congenital
Duration	Lifelong
Types	N/A
Causes	Genetic factors, environmental factors
Risks	Family history, maternal age
Diagnosis	Prenatal ultrasound, MRI, CT scan
Differential diagnosis	Bladder exstrophy, cloacal malformation
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Surgical repair, urostomy, colostomy
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable, depends on severity and treatment
Frequency	1 in 200,000 to 400,000 live births
Deaths	N/A

Cloacal exstrophy is a severe birth defect wherein much of the abdominal organs are exposed. It occurs when the baby's abdomen does not close properly during development. This condition is also known as OEIS complex due to the presence of four defects: Omphalocele, Exstrophy of the cloaca, Imperforate anus, and Spinal defects.

Causes

The exact cause of cloacal exstrophy is unknown. It is thought to occur randomly during the formation of the urinary tract and rectum. It is not believed to be hereditary.

Symptoms

The most obvious symptom of cloacal exstrophy is the exposure of the bladder and intestines at birth. Other symptoms may include:

• An abnormal anus or rectum
• Spinal abnormalities
• Other birth defects

Diagnosis

Cloacal exstrophy is usually diagnosed at birth due to the obvious physical abnormalities. Prenatal ultrasound may also detect the condition.

Treatment

Treatment for cloacal exstrophy involves multiple surgeries to repair the abdominal wall and reconstruct the bladder and genitalia. Ongoing care is needed to manage potential complications such as urinary tract infections and kidney problems.

Prognosis

With proper treatment, individuals with cloacal exstrophy can lead a normal life. However, they may require ongoing medical care and may have issues with continence and sexual function.

See also

• Omphalocele
• Exstrophy
• Imperforate anus
• Spinal defects