Null hypothesis
Null Hypothesis
The Null Hypothesis (pronunciation: /nʌl haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/) is a fundamental concept in statistical testing. It refers to a general statement or default position that there is no relationship between two measured phenomena, or no association among groups.
Etymology
The term "Null Hypothesis" originates from the Latin word "nullus", meaning "not any". The term was first used in the field of statistics in the early 20th century.
Definition
In statistics, the Null Hypothesis is a hypothesis that suggests there is no statistical significance between the set of observations. This hypothesis is denoted by H0. The Null Hypothesis is the hypothesis to be tested for possible rejection under the assumption that it is true.
Related Terms
- Alternative Hypothesis: This is the opposite of the Null Hypothesis. It is a statement that suggests there is a statistical significance between a set of observed data.
- Statistical Significance: This is a measure that indicates the probability that the Null Hypothesis is true.
- P-value: This is the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the results actually observed, under the assumption that the Null Hypothesis is correct.
- Type I and Type II Errors: These are potential errors in statistical hypothesis testing. A Type I error occurs when the Null Hypothesis is true but is rejected. A Type II error occurs when the Null Hypothesis is false but is not rejected.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Null hypothesis
- Wikipedia's article - Null hypothesis
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