Nuclear propulsion
Nuclear Propulsion
Nuclear propulsion (/njuːˈkliːər prəˈpʌlʃən/) involves the use of nuclear reactions to generate thrust in a vehicle, typically a spacecraft. The etymology of the term comes from the Latin nucleus, meaning "kernel", and the Latin propulsio, meaning "a driving forth".
History
The concept of nuclear propulsion has been explored since the mid-20th century, with the Project Orion being one of the first major initiatives. This project, which ran from 1958 to 1965, aimed to develop a spacecraft propelled by a series of nuclear explosions.
Types
There are two main types of nuclear propulsion: nuclear thermal propulsion and nuclear electric propulsion.
Nuclear thermal propulsion (NTP) involves heating a fluid, usually liquid hydrogen, in a nuclear reactor and then expelling the hot fluid out of a rocket nozzle to generate thrust. This method was explored extensively during the Project Rover in the 1950s and 1960s.
Nuclear electric propulsion (NEP), on the other hand, uses an electric power generation system to convert the heat produced by a nuclear reactor into electrical energy. This energy is then used to power an ion thruster, which generates thrust by accelerating ions.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Nuclear propulsion offers several advantages over traditional chemical propulsion systems, including a higher specific impulse and the potential for continuous thrust over long durations. However, it also presents significant challenges, such as the handling and disposal of radioactive waste, and the potential for nuclear accidents.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Nuclear propulsion
- Wikipedia's article - Nuclear propulsion
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