Norfolk Island

Norfolk Island

Norfolk Island (/ˈnɔːrfək ˈaɪlənd/, NOR-fuuk EYE-luhnd) is a small island in the Pacific Ocean located between Australia, New Zealand, and New Caledonia. It is part of the Commonwealth of Australia, but it enjoys a large degree of self-governance.

Etymology

The island was named by British explorer Captain James Cook in 1774, in honour of the Duchess of Norfolk, wife of Edward Howard, 9th Duke of Norfolk. The Duchess died suddenly in 1773, a year before Cook's discovery.

Geography

Norfolk Island is a volcanic outcrop, with a total area of about 34.6 square kilometres. It is characterized by steep cliffs and green, undulating terrain. The island's highest point is Mount Bates, reaching 319 metres above sea level.

Flora and Fauna

The island is home to unique species of plants and animals, many of which are endemic to the island. This includes the Norfolk Island pine (Araucaria heterophylla), which is a symbol of the island and is featured on its flag.

History

Norfolk Island has a rich history, with evidence of Polynesian settlers before it was rediscovered by Captain James Cook. It was later used as a penal colony by the British in the 19th century, before being settled by Pitcairn Islanders in 1856.

Demographics

The island has a small population, with most residents being descendants of the Bounty mutineers and their Tahitian companions who resettled from the Pitcairn Islands.

Health Care

Health care on Norfolk Island is provided by the Norfolk Island Health and Residential Aged Care Service (NIHRACS), which operates a small hospital on the island.

Related Terms

• Araucaria heterophylla
• Bounty mutineers
• Pitcairn Islands
• Captain James Cook
• Pacific Ocean
• Commonwealth of Australia

External links

• Medical encyclopedia article on Norfolk Island
• Wikipedia's article - Norfolk Island

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