Non-epileptic seizure

Non-epileptic seizure
Synonyms	Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES), Functional seizures, Dissociative seizures
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Seizure-like episodes without epileptic activity
Complications	N/A
Onset	Any age, often in adolescence or early adulthood
Duration	Varies, typically lasts longer than epileptic seizures
Types	N/A
Causes	Psychological stress, trauma, conversion disorder
Risks	Psychiatric disorders, history of abuse, stressful life events
Diagnosis	Video EEG monitoring, clinical history, psychiatric evaluation
Differential diagnosis	Epilepsy, syncope, migraine, sleep disorders
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Cognitive behavioral therapy, psychotherapy, stress management
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable, depends on underlying psychological factors
Frequency	Estimated 2-33 per 100,000 people per year
Deaths	N/A

Non-epileptic seizures are episodes that briefly affect brain function and look like epileptic seizures. The brain is not sending abnormal signals as it does during an epileptic seizure. Instead, non-epileptic seizures are a physical manifestation of psychological distress. Non-epileptic seizures are also known as psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES).

Causes

Non-epileptic seizures are caused by psychological conditions, such as mental stress and mental health disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety. They are not caused by epilepsy or other physical or neurological conditions.

Symptoms

Symptoms of non-epileptic seizures can resemble those of epileptic seizures, such as:

• Convulsions
• Loss of consciousness
• Falling
• Shaking or jerking movements
• Temporary paralysis
• Emotional distress or anxiety before the seizure

Diagnosis

Non-epileptic seizures are diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and tests. The most common test is an electroencephalogram (EEG), which measures electrical activity in the brain. During a non-epileptic seizure, the EEG does not show the abnormal brain activity that is seen in an epileptic seizure.

Treatment

Treatment for non-epileptic seizures involves addressing the underlying psychological issue. This may involve psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and medication for any mental health disorders.

Prognosis

With appropriate treatment, many people with non-epileptic seizures can reduce or eliminate their seizures. However, the underlying psychological issues need to be addressed to prevent the seizures from returning.

See also

• Epilepsy
• Seizure types
• Psychogenic disease