Nodule (medicine)

Nodule (medicine)

A nodule (/ˈnɒdjuːl/; from Latin nodulus, a small node) is a small aggregation of cells or tissue in the body, usually with a distinct boundary. In medical terminology, it is a solid, round or oval elevated lesion 1 cm. or more in diameter. The lesion is a granuloma, or a small area of inflammation due to tissue damage.

Etymology

The term nodule comes from the Latin nodulus, meaning a small node. This term was first used in medical literature in the 15th century.

Types of Nodules

Nodules can occur in various parts of the body and can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Some common types of nodules include:

Thyroid Nodule: A small abnormal growth of cells that forms a lump in a person's thyroid gland.
Rheumatoid Nodule: A firm lump of tissue that forms under the skin of some people who have Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Lung Nodule: Also known as a pulmonary nodule, it is a small discrete area of abnormal tissue in the lungs.
Skin Nodule: A type of lesion that is deeper in the skin and often feels like a hard bump.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of a nodule often involves imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or ultrasound. In some cases, a biopsy may be needed to determine if the nodule is benign or malignant.

Treatment

Treatment for nodules depends on the cause. Benign nodules may not require treatment unless they cause symptoms. Malignant nodules, on the other hand, often require surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy.

Related Terms

Lesion: Any damage or abnormal change in the tissue of an organism, usually caused by disease or trauma.
Granuloma: A small area of inflammation, typically in the lungs, skin, or lymph nodes.
Biopsy: A medical test involving the extraction of sample cells or tissues for examination.