Neurological diseases
Neurological Diseases
Neurological diseases, pronounced as /nʊərəˈlɒdʒɪkəl dɪˈziːzɪz/, are disorders that primarily affect the nervous system. The etymology of the term "neurological" comes from the Greek words "neuron" meaning nerve and "logia" meaning study.
Neurological diseases encompass a wide range of conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Multiple Sclerosis, and Epilepsy, among others. These diseases can affect the central nervous system (comprising of the brain and spinal cord), the peripheral nervous system, or the autonomic nervous system.
Alzheimer's Disease
Alzheimer's disease, pronounced as /æltsˈhaɪmərz dɪˈziːz/, is a progressive neurological disease that destroys memory and cognitive skills. The disease is named after Dr. Alois Alzheimer, who first described it in 1906.
Parkinson's Disease
Parkinson's disease, pronounced as /ˈpɑːrkɪnsən dɪˈziːz/, is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects predominately dopamine-producing neurons in a specific area of the brain called substantia nigra. The disease is named after Dr. James Parkinson, who first described it as "the shaking palsy" in 1817.
Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple Sclerosis, pronounced as /ˈmʌltɪpl ˈsklɛrəsɪs/, is a potentially disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord. In this disease, the immune system attacks the protective sheath (myelin) that covers nerve fibers and causes communication problems between your brain and the rest of your body.
Epilepsy
Epilepsy, pronounced as /ˈɛpɪlɛpsi/, is a central nervous system disorder in which brain activity becomes abnormal, causing seizures or periods of unusual behavior, sensations, and sometimes loss of awareness.
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