Neurological disease

Neurological disease (pronunciation: /nʊərəˈlɒdʒɪkəl dɪˈziːz/) refers to a variety of disorders that affect the nervous system. The etymology of the term comes from the Greek words "neuron" meaning nerve and "logos" meaning study, combined with the Latin word "disease" meaning discomfort or inconvenience.

Neurological diseases can affect the central nervous system (including the brain and spinal cord), the peripheral nervous system, or the autonomic nervous system. These diseases can manifest in various ways, including problems with movement, speech, learning, breathing, or mood.

Types of Neurological Diseases

There are more than 600 types of neurological diseases. Some of the most common include:

Alzheimer's disease: A progressive disease that destroys memory and other important mental functions.
Parkinson's disease: A disorder of the nervous system that affects movement, often including tremors.
Multiple sclerosis: A disease in which the immune system eats away at the protective covering of nerves.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): A group of rare neurological diseases that mainly involve the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscles.

Symptoms

Symptoms of neurological diseases can vary widely, depending on the specific disease and the parts of the nervous system affected. They may include:

Problems with movement or coordination
Loss of sensation
Seizures
Difficulty reading and writing
Poor cognitive abilities
Unexplained pain
Changes in behavior

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of neurological diseases often involves a neurological exam, as well as tests such as MRI scans, CT scans, and lumbar punctures. Treatment can involve medication, physical therapy, surgery, or other interventions, depending on the specific disease.

References

External links

Medical encyclopedia article on Neurological disease
Wikipedia's article - Neurological disease

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Neurological disease