Neuroactive

Neuroactive refers to any substance which has an effect on the nervous system of an organism. These substances can be naturally occurring within the body, such as neurotransmitters, or they can be introduced from an external source, such as drugs or toxins. Neuroactive substances can have a wide range of effects, from altering mood and behavior to causing physical changes in the body.

Overview

Neuroactive substances interact with neurons, the cells that make up the nervous system. These interactions can alter the way that neurons communicate with each other, leading to changes in the overall functioning of the nervous system. The specific effects of a neuroactive substance depend on a variety of factors, including the type of substance, the dose, and the individual's unique physiology.

Types of Neuroactive Substances

There are many different types of neuroactive substances, including:

• Neurotransmitters: These are chemicals produced by the body that transmit signals from one neuron to another. Examples include dopamine, serotonin, and acetylcholine.

• Drugs: Many drugs have neuroactive properties. For example, antidepressants work by altering the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain.

• Toxins: Some toxins can affect the nervous system. For example, botulinum toxin (the active ingredient in Botox) works by blocking the release of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that signals muscles to contract.

Effects of Neuroactive Substances

The effects of neuroactive substances can be wide-ranging and depend on a variety of factors. Some possible effects include:

• Changes in mood or behavior: Many neuroactive substances, including both neurotransmitters and drugs, can alter mood and behavior. For example, increased levels of dopamine are associated with feelings of pleasure and reward, while decreased levels are associated with depression.

• Physical changes: Some neuroactive substances can cause physical changes in the body. For example, botulinum toxin can cause muscle paralysis.

See Also

• Neurotransmitter
• Neuropharmacology
• Neurotoxicity

References

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