Nerve decompression

Nerve Decompression

CT image guided injection of the pudendal nerve

Nerve decompression is a surgical procedure aimed at relieving pressure on a nerve that is causing pain, numbness, or weakness. This pressure can be due to various factors such as trauma, inflammation, or anatomical abnormalities. Nerve decompression is commonly performed to treat conditions like carpal tunnel syndrome, cubital tunnel syndrome, and tarsal tunnel syndrome.

Indications

Nerve decompression is indicated when a patient experiences symptoms of nerve compression that do not respond to conservative treatments such as physical therapy, medication, or lifestyle modifications. Common symptoms include:

• Persistent pain along the path of the nerve
• Numbness or tingling in the affected area
• Muscle weakness
• Loss of function in the affected limb

Common Procedures

Carpal Tunnel Release

Carpal tunnel release is one of the most common nerve decompression surgeries. It involves cutting the transverse carpal ligament to relieve pressure on the median nerve. This procedure can be performed using open surgery or endoscopic techniques.

Cubital Tunnel Release

Cubital tunnel release is performed to relieve pressure on the ulnar nerve at the elbow. This can involve simple decompression, medial epicondylectomy, or anterior transposition of the nerve.

Tarsal Tunnel Release

Tarsal tunnel release involves decompression of the posterior tibial nerve as it passes through the tarsal tunnel near the ankle. This procedure is used to treat tarsal tunnel syndrome.

Surgical Techniques

Nerve decompression can be performed using various surgical techniques, depending on the location and severity of the compression. Techniques include:

• Open Surgery: Involves a larger incision to directly access the nerve and surrounding structures.
• Endoscopic Surgery: Utilizes smaller incisions and a camera to guide the procedure, often resulting in quicker recovery times.

Recovery and Outcomes

Recovery from nerve decompression surgery varies depending on the specific procedure and the patient's overall health. Generally, patients can expect:

• Reduction in pain and other symptoms
• Gradual return of strength and function
• Physical therapy to aid recovery

Most patients experience significant improvement, although some may have residual symptoms or require additional treatment.

Complications

As with any surgical procedure, nerve decompression carries risks, including:

• Infection
• Bleeding
• Nerve damage
• Recurrence of symptoms

Related Pages

• Carpal tunnel syndrome
• Cubital tunnel syndrome
• Tarsal tunnel syndrome
• Peripheral neuropathy