Nematocysts

Nematocysts (pronunciation: /ˈnɛmətoʊˌsɪsts/) are specialized cells found in Cnidarians, a group of aquatic invertebrates that includes Jellyfish, Sea Anemones, and Coral.

Etymology

The term "Nematocyst" is derived from the Greek words "nēma" which means "thread" and "kystis" which means "bladder".

Description

Nematocysts are a type of Cnidocyte, which are unique to the phylum Cnidaria. They are essentially microscopic, harpoon-like structures that cnidarians use for capturing prey and for defense. Each nematocyst contains a small vesicle filled with toxins, which are injected into the prey or predator when the nematocyst is triggered.

Function

The primary function of nematocysts is to capture prey. When a potential prey item comes into contact with the cnidarian, the nematocysts are triggered to fire, piercing the prey and injecting it with toxins. This immobilizes the prey, allowing the cnidarian to consume it at its leisure. Nematocysts also serve a defensive function, deterring potential predators with the threat of a venomous sting.

Related Terms

• Cnidocyte: The cell that houses the nematocyst.
• Cnidaria: The phylum of animals that includes jellyfish, sea anemones, and corals, all of which possess nematocysts.
• Jellyfish: A type of cnidarian that is particularly well-known for its use of nematocysts.
• Sea Anemones: Another type of cnidarian that uses nematocysts for capturing prey.
• Coral: A type of cnidarian that forms large colonies, many species of which possess nematocysts.

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