National Natural Landmark

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National Natural Landmark (NNL) is a designation for natural areas in the United States that are recognized for their outstanding and unique natural characteristics. The National Natural Landmarks Program is administered by the National Park Service (NPS), a federal agency within the United States Department of the Interior. The program aims to encourage the preservation of sites that illustrate the geological and ecological history of the United States, thereby providing opportunities for scientific study, education, and public enjoyment of these natural areas.

History

The National Natural Landmarks Program was established in 1962 by Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall, in response to growing concerns about the need to preserve significant natural areas throughout the United States. The program was created to identify and recognize the best examples of biological and geological features in both public and private ownership, with the goal of ensuring their preservation for future generations.

Criteria

To be designated as a National Natural Landmark, a site must meet rigorous criteria. It must be one of the best examples of a natural region's characteristic biotic or geologic features. The program categorizes landmarks into two main types: biological, which includes ecosystems, communities, and habitats; and geological, which encompasses landforms and geological formations. The evaluation process involves thorough scientific study and documentation, and the designation is made based on the site's national significance in illustrating the natural heritage of the United States.

Designation Process

The designation process for a National Natural Landmark involves several steps. Initially, a site is nominated through a recommendation supported by scientific study. The National Park Service then conducts a detailed evaluation, including consultations with landowners, as the program is voluntary and requires owner consent for designation. After a thorough review, the Director of the National Park Service makes a recommendation to the Secretary of the Interior, who has the authority to designate the site as a National Natural Landmark.

Benefits and Responsibilities

Designation as a National Natural Landmark does not impose legal restrictions on landowners. Instead, it recognizes and promotes voluntary conservation efforts. Landowners are encouraged to manage the landmark in ways that preserve its natural values. The National Park Service offers technical and advisory assistance but does not require changes in land use. The program seeks to build cooperative relationships with landowners to support the conservation of these important natural areas.

List of National Natural Landmarks

As of the last update, there are over 600 National Natural Landmarks across the United States. These landmarks range from well-known national treasures, such as Grand Canyon and Niagara Falls, to lesser-known sites of scientific interest. Each landmark is unique, representing the diverse natural beauty and geological history of the country.

Challenges and Future Directions

The National Natural Landmarks Program faces challenges, including changes in land ownership, threats from development, and natural degradation. The program continues to work on identifying new sites and working with landowners and partners to ensure the preservation of existing landmarks. The future of the program relies on ongoing public support, scientific research, and the dedication of landowners and conservationists to protect America's natural heritage.

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