Mutated citrullinated vimentin

Autoantigen associated with rheumatoid arthritis

Mutated citrullinated vimentin (MCV) is a protein that has been identified as an important autoantigen in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It is a form of the protein vimentin that has undergone a process known as citrullination, which is the conversion of the amino acid arginine into citrulline. This modification can lead to the generation of autoantibodies in individuals with RA, making MCV a significant marker for the disease.

Structure and Function

Vimentin is a type of intermediate filament protein that is primarily found in mesenchymal cells. It plays a crucial role in maintaining cell integrity, supporting cellular structures, and facilitating cellular processes such as cell division and cell migration.

Citrullination is a post-translational modification carried out by the enzyme peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD). In the context of RA, the citrullination of vimentin alters its structure, potentially exposing new epitopes that are recognized as foreign by the immune system. This can trigger an autoimmune response, leading to the production of anti-MCV antibodies.

Role in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Point-of-care test for rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that primarily affects the joints. The presence of anti-MCV antibodies is a hallmark of RA and is used as a diagnostic marker. These antibodies are part of a broader group known as anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs), which are highly specific for RA and can be detected in the blood of affected individuals.

The detection of anti-MCV antibodies can aid in the early diagnosis of RA, even before the onset of clinical symptoms. This is crucial for initiating early treatment strategies that can slow disease progression and improve patient outcomes.

Clinical Significance

The measurement of anti-MCV antibodies is performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques. These tests are valuable not only for diagnosis but also for monitoring disease activity and response to therapy. High levels of anti-MCV antibodies are often associated with more severe disease and can indicate a higher risk of joint damage.

Research and Developments

Ongoing research is focused on understanding the precise mechanisms by which citrullinated proteins, including MCV, contribute to the pathogenesis of RA. Studies are also exploring the potential of targeting citrullination pathways as a therapeutic strategy.

Related pages

• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Autoantigen
• Citrullination
• Autoantibody
• Intermediate filament