Munson's sign

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Munson's sign
Keratoconus with Munson's sign
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	V-shaped indentation of the lower eyelid on downgaze
Complications	Associated with keratoconus
Onset	Typically observed in advanced stages of keratoconus
Duration	Persistent as long as keratoconus is present
Types	N/A
Causes	Caused by the conical protrusion of the cornea
Risks	Progressive keratoconus
Diagnosis	Clinical observation during eye examination
Differential diagnosis	Other causes of corneal protrusion
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Management of underlying keratoconus
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Depends on the progression of keratoconus
Frequency	Common in patients with advanced keratoconus
Deaths	N/A

Munson's sign is a clinical sign often associated with keratoconus, a degenerative disorder of the eye. It is characterized by a V-shaped indentation of the lower eyelid when the patient looks downwards. This sign is named after Dr. Edward Jackson Munson, an American ophthalmologist who first described it in 1927.

Introduction

Keratoconus is a non-inflammatory eye condition in which the normally round dome-shaped cornea progressively thins causing a cone-like bulge to develop. This results in significant visual impairment. Munson's sign is one of the clinical signs that can be observed in patients with this condition.

Clinical Significance

Munson's sign is a diagnostic sign of keratoconus. It is observed when the patient is asked to look down, and a V-shaped indentation of the lower eyelid can be seen. This is due to the protrusion of the cornea which pushes the lower eyelid outwards. However, it is important to note that not all patients with keratoconus will exhibit Munson's sign. It is typically seen in advanced cases of the disease.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of keratoconus is typically made through a comprehensive eye examination. This may include a review of the patient's medical history, visual acuity testing, and corneal mapping. The presence of Munson's sign can aid in the diagnosis, but it is not the only diagnostic criterion.

Treatment

The treatment for keratoconus depends on the severity of the condition. In the early stages, eyeglasses or soft contact lenses may be used to correct the vision. As the disease progresses, rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses, "piggybacking" contact lenses, or scleral contact lenses may be required. In severe cases, corneal transplantation may be necessary.

See Also

• Keratoconus
• Cornea
• Eyelid
• Ophthalmology

References

• Munson, E. J. (1927). Keratoconus. American Journal of Ophthalmology, 10(6), 725-738.

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