Milium (dermatology)

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Milium
Synonyms	Milia, milk spots
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Small, white, keratin-filled cysts
Complications	None
Onset	Can occur at any age
Duration	Can persist for weeks to months
Types	N/A
Causes	Keratin trapped beneath the skin surface
Risks	Newborns, burns, blistering injuries
Diagnosis	Physical examination
Differential diagnosis	Acne, epidermoid cyst
Prevention	None
Treatment	Exfoliation, retinoid creams, dermabrasion
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Excellent
Frequency	Common
Deaths	N/A

Milia (singular: milium), commonly referred to as milk spots or oil seeds, are small, keratin-filled cysts that form when the eccrine sweat gland becomes clogged. These cysts are located just under the epidermis or on the roof of the mouth. While milia are most commonly associated with newborn babies, they can affect individuals of all ages. They typically appear around the nose and eyes and can also be found on the genitalia, where they are often mistakenly identified as warts or symptoms of a sexually transmitted disease. Additionally, milia may be confused with stubborn whiteheads due to their similar appearance.

Causes

Milia form due to the accumulation of keratin, a protein that is part of the skin's structure, leading to the blockage of sweat glands. Factors contributing to their development can include skin damage from sun exposure, blistering injuries, or long-term use of steroid creams.

Symptoms and Identification

Milia are characterized by small, dome-shaped bumps that are white or yellowish. They are typically painless and present no health risk but can be a cosmetic concern for some individuals. Unlike whiteheads, milia do not form in pores but rather in areas where the skin layers have become trapped.

Milia observed in a newborn.

Treatment and Management

While milia often resolve on their own, especially in infants, persistent cases may require treatment. Options include:

• Professional extraction by a dermatologist
• Topical retinoids
• Chemical peels
• Laser therapy

It is advised not to attempt to remove milia at home, as improper handling can lead to skin damage or infection.

Prevention

Preventive measures include avoiding excessive sun exposure, using non-comedogenic skincare products, and maintaining a regular skin care regimen to encourage healthy skin turnover.

See Also

• Eccrine sweat gland
• Keratin
• Dermatology
• Skin care

References

• American Academy of Dermatology (AAD)
• National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)

External Links

• American Academy of Dermatology - Milia Overview.

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