Microfracture surgery

Microfracture Surgery

Diagram of the knee joint, showing the articular cartilage.

Microfracture surgery is an orthopedic surgery technique used to repair damaged articular cartilage in the knee joint. It is a minimally invasive procedure that aims to stimulate the growth of new cartilage by creating small fractures in the underlying bone.

Procedure

The procedure is typically performed arthroscopically, which means it is done using a small camera and instruments inserted through tiny incisions. The surgeon first cleans the damaged area of cartilage, removing any loose or unstable fragments. Then, using a specialized tool, the surgeon creates small holes, or "microfractures," in the subchondral bone beneath the cartilage.

These microfractures allow bone marrow to seep into the damaged area, bringing with it stem cells and other growth factors that can help form new cartilage. The new tissue that forms is known as "fibrocartilage," which is not as durable as the original hyaline cartilage but can provide significant improvement in joint function and pain relief.

Indications

Microfracture surgery is indicated for patients with small to medium-sized areas of cartilage damage, particularly in the knee. It is often recommended for younger patients who have not yet developed osteoarthritis. The procedure is less effective for larger areas of damage or for patients with widespread degenerative changes in the joint.

Rehabilitation

Post-operative rehabilitation is crucial for the success of microfracture surgery. Patients are typically advised to avoid weight-bearing activities on the affected joint for several weeks to allow the new cartilage to form. Physical therapy is often prescribed to help restore range of motion and strengthen the surrounding muscles.

Advantages and Limitations

Microfracture surgery is advantageous because it is less invasive than other cartilage repair techniques, such as osteochondral autograft transplantation or autologous chondrocyte implantation. It is also less expensive and can be performed on an outpatient basis.

However, the new fibrocartilage is not as durable as the original cartilage, and the results may not be long-lasting. Some patients may require additional procedures in the future.

Related Pages

• Arthroscopy
• Cartilage
• Knee joint
• Orthopedic surgery