Microarray analysis

Microarray analysis is a high-throughput method used in molecular biology and genetics for the simultaneous analysis of thousands of genes or proteins. It is a powerful tool for understanding the complex genetic networks that underlie various biological functions and diseases.

Pronunciation

mi·​cro·​ar·​ray | \ ˈmī-krō-ə-ˌrā \

Etymology

The term "microarray" is derived from "micro", a prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of 10^-6, and "array", which in this context refers to an orderly arrangement of samples.

Procedure

Microarray analysis involves the use of a small, solid support, usually a glass slide, onto which the sequences from thousands of different genes are immobilized at fixed locations. The microarray is then exposed to a solution containing DNA or RNA samples of interest. After washing and staining steps, the microarray is scanned, and the intensity of the signals from each spot is measured to create a profile of gene expression in the sample.

Applications

Microarray analysis has a wide range of applications in biological research and medicine. It is used in genomics to study gene expression patterns in different tissues or under different conditions. In oncology, it is used to classify tumors and predict clinical outcomes. It is also used in pharmacogenomics to understand how genetic variation affects drug response.

Related Terms

• Gene expression
• Genomics
• Oncology
• Pharmacogenomics
• DNA
• RNA

See Also

• DNA microarray
• Protein microarray
• Tissue microarray

External links

• Medical encyclopedia article on Microarray analysis
• Wikipedia's article - Microarray analysis

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