Metropolitan area network

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Fiber-Optic Installation in New York City

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Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is a large computer network that spans a metropolitan area or campus. Its geographical scope falls between a Wide Area Network (WAN) and a Local Area Network (LAN). MANs are optimized for a larger geographical area than a LAN, ranging from several blocks of buildings to entire cities. MANs can also depend on communications channels of moderate to high data rates. A MAN might be owned and operated by a single organization, but it usually will be used by many individuals and organizations. MANs might also be owned and operated as public utilities. They will often provide means for internetworking of local networks.

Overview

MANs are used to connect LANs and other types of networks together, so that users and computers in one location can communicate with users and computers in other locations. Many times, a MAN will include one or more Internet Protocol (IP) routers that are used to connect to the Internet. The development of MANs was a result of the spread of LANs and the need for a network that could cover a larger area.

Technology

The most common technologies used for MANs are Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), and Ethernet. FDDI is a standard for data transmission in fiber optic lines that can extend in range up to 200 kilometers. ATM is a networking technology that transmits data in packets or cells of a fixed size. Ethernet is a network protocol that controls how data is transmitted over a LAN and is the most widely used LAN technology.

Applications

MANs are used in a variety of applications, including the connection of university campuses, government buildings, and business districts. They enable the sharing of regional resources, provide a gateway to the Internet, and enhance communication capabilities within a metropolitan area.

Challenges

The deployment and management of a MAN involve several challenges, including scalability, security, and cost. Scalability refers to the network's ability to grow and manage increased demand. Security is a significant concern for MANs, as the network spans a larger area and is therefore more exposed to external threats. The cost of deploying a MAN can be high, considering the infrastructure and technology required to establish and maintain the network.

Future of MANs

With the advent of new technologies, such as 5G wireless networking, the future of MANs is likely to see significant changes. These technologies promise to offer higher speeds, lower latency, and more reliable connections, which could potentially reduce the reliance on traditional wired connections for metropolitan area networks.

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