Metathorax

Metathorax

The Metathorax is the posterior of the three segments in the thorax of an insect, and bears the third pair of legs. Its principal sclerites (exoskeletal plates) are the metanotum (dorsal), the metasternum (ventral), and the metapleuron (lateral) on each side. The metathorax is the segment that bears the hindwings in most insects, though sometimes these may be reduced or modified, in which case they are often functionless or vestigial.

Etymology

The term "Metathorax" is derived from the Greek words "meta", meaning "after", and "thorax", meaning "chest". This is in reference to its position on the body of the insect, being the segment after the mesothorax.

Structure

The metathorax is composed of several parts, including the metanotum, the metasternum, and the metapleuron. The metanotum is the dorsal (upper) portion of the metathorax, while the metasternum is the ventral (lower) portion. The metapleuron is the lateral (side) portion of the metathorax. These parts are all sclerites, or exoskeletal plates, that provide structure and protection to the insect.

Function

The primary function of the metathorax is to bear the third pair of legs and the hindwings of the insect. The legs are used for locomotion, while the wings are used for flight. However, in some insects, the hindwings may be reduced or modified, rendering them functionless or vestigial. In these cases, the metathorax may serve other functions, such as housing organs or providing additional protection.

Related Terms

• Thorax: The part of an insect's body that is located between the head and the abdomen.
• Mesothorax: The middle segment of the thorax in an insect, located between the prothorax and the metathorax.
• Prothorax: The first segment of the thorax in an insect, located just behind the head.
• Sclerite: A hardened body part, or exoskeletal plate, in an insect.
• Vestigial: A term used to describe body parts that have lost their original function through evolution.

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