Melanogenesis
Melanogenesis
Melanogenesis (pronunciation: /ˌmɛlənoʊˈdʒɛnɪsɪs/) is the physiological process that results in the production of melanin, a pigment found in the skin, hair, and eyes of humans and animals.
Etymology
The term "melanogenesis" is derived from the Greek words "melas" or "melanos", meaning black, and "genesis", meaning origin or creation.
Process
Melanogenesis occurs in specialized cells called melanocytes, which are found in the basal layer of the epidermis. The process begins with the conversion of the amino acid tyrosine into DOPAquinone through the action of the enzyme tyrosinase. DOPAquinone then undergoes a series of chemical reactions to form melanin.
There are two types of melanin produced during melanogenesis: eumelanin, which is brown or black, and pheomelanin, which is yellow or red. The type and amount of melanin produced determine the color of an individual's skin, hair, and eyes.
Regulation
The regulation of melanogenesis is complex and involves multiple signaling pathways. Key regulators include the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), which stimulates melanogenesis, and the agouti signaling protein (ASP), which inhibits it. Other factors that influence melanogenesis include hormones, cytokines, and environmental factors such as UV radiation.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Melanogenesis
- Wikipedia's article - Melanogenesis
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