Megacystis (fetal)

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Megacystis (fetal)
Synonyms
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Enlarged fetal bladder
Complications	Urinary tract obstruction, oligohydramnios, pulmonary hypoplasia
Onset	Prenatal
Duration
Types
Causes	Chromosomal abnormalities, urethral obstruction
Risks
Diagnosis	Ultrasound
Differential diagnosis
Prevention
Treatment
Medication
Prognosis	Depends on underlying cause
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Megacystis (fetal)

Megacystis is a medical condition observed in fetuses, characterized by an abnormally enlarged urinary bladder. This condition can be detected during prenatal ultrasound examinations and may be associated with various underlying causes and potential complications.

Pathophysiology

Megacystis occurs when there is an obstruction in the lower urinary tract, leading to the accumulation of urine in the bladder. This obstruction can be due to anatomical abnormalities such as posterior urethral valves, urethral atresia, or other forms of lower urinary tract obstruction. The increased pressure in the bladder can lead to hydronephrosis and potential damage to the kidneys.

Diagnosis

Megacystis is typically diagnosed through prenatal ultrasound, where the bladder appears significantly larger than normal for the gestational age. The condition is often defined by a bladder diameter greater than 7 mm in the first trimester. Further diagnostic procedures may include fetal MRI or detailed ultrasound to assess the urinary tract and associated structures.

Prognosis

The prognosis of megacystis depends on the underlying cause and the presence of associated anomalies. If the condition is due to a transient obstruction, the prognosis may be favorable. However, if it is associated with severe obstruction or other anomalies, such as renal dysplasia or oligohydramnios, the prognosis may be poor.

Management

Management of megacystis involves careful monitoring and may include interventions such as vesicoamniotic shunting to relieve bladder pressure. In some cases, fetal surgery may be considered to correct the obstruction. Postnatal management depends on the severity of the condition and may involve surgical correction of the obstruction and management of any renal impairment.

Complications

Potential complications of megacystis include:

• Hydronephrosis
• Renal dysplasia
• Oligohydramnios
• Pulmonary hypoplasia

See also

• Posterior urethral valves
• Hydronephrosis
• Oligohydramnios
• Prenatal diagnosis