Mechanotransduction
Mechanotransduction (pronunciation: meh-kah-noh-trans-DUCK-shun) is a process that involves the conversion of mechanical stimuli into cellular responses. It is a fundamental process in biology, playing a crucial role in various physiological processes such as the sense of touch, hearing, and balance.
Etymology
The term "Mechanotransduction" is derived from the Greek words "mechano" meaning "mechanical" and "transduction" which refers to the process of converting one form of energy into another.
Process
Mechanotransduction involves a series of steps that begin with the application of a mechanical stimulus. This stimulus is detected by mechanoreceptors, which are specialized sensory cells that respond to mechanical pressure or distortion. Once the stimulus is detected, it is converted into an electrical signal that can be processed by the nervous system. This conversion process is facilitated by ion channels, which are protein structures that allow ions to pass through cell membranes.
Role in Physiology
Mechanotransduction plays a key role in various physiological processes. For example, it is involved in the process of hearing, where mechanical vibrations are converted into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the brain. Similarly, it plays a crucial role in the sense of touch, where pressure applied to the skin is converted into electrical signals. Mechanotransduction is also involved in the regulation of cell growth and cell division, where mechanical forces can influence the behavior of cells.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Mechanotransduction
- Wikipedia's article - Mechanotransduction
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